Then, in the early 1960s, the Supreme Court rendered a string of decisions
“In the field of public education, separateīut equal has no place,” the Justices declared. Sparked a revolution in civil rights with its plainspoken ruling that That tested the segregation of school facilities in Topeka, Kansas. 80Ī decade later, the high court under Chief Justice Earl Warren handedĭown a unanimous decision in Brown v. In the Democratic Party primary in southern states, had effectivelyĭisenfranchised them since the early 1900s. Outlawed the white primary, which, by excluding blacks from participating The federal courts also carved out a judicial beachhead for civil rightsĪctivists.
Vice President Hubert Humphrey administers the Oath of Office, while Senators Mike Mansfield of Montana, Everett Dirksen of Illinois, and Edward M. tiles/non-collection/b/baic_cont_3_brooke_edwin_nara_306-PSD-67-243.xml Image courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration Sworn in to the United States Senate on January 3, 1967, Edward Brooke of Massachusetts (second from right) became the first black Senator since 1881. Washington, DC, overseeing the integration of the military, and promoting Though hesitant to override the states on civil rights matters, PresidentĮisenhower promoted equality in the federal arena-desegregating
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Supreme Court in 1953, preparing the way forĪ series of landmark civil rights cases decided by the liberal Warren court. Eisenhower also appointed California Governor Earl WarrenĪs Chief Justice of the U.S. He appointed Herbert Brownell, a progressive to whom he gave wideĭiscretion. Eisenhower, largely cautious and incremental in Also known as the Dixiecrats, they nominated SouthĬarolina Governor-and future U.S. Party, a conservative party that sought to preserve and maintain the The administration’s efforts, split to form the States’ Rights Democratic A faction of southern Democrats, upset with The backlash to Truman’s civil rights policies contributed to the unraveling Signed Executive Order 9981, desegregating the military. Of Justice, and the enforcement of federal anti-lynching laws andĭesegregation in interstate transportation.
Among its recommendations were the creation ofĪ permanent FEPC, the establishment of a permanent Civil RightsĬommission, the creation of a civil rights division in the U.S. Proponents in Congress with a legislative blueprint for much of the
October 1947 report, “To Secure These Rights,” provided civil rights Responding to civil rights advocates, Truman established the Toward racial moderation and reconciliation,” wrote one historian of Truman “expanded on Roosevelt’s tentative steps Initiatives, set the pace for measured movement toward desegregation. The alliance of conservative southern Democrats and Republicans in Congress who successfully blocked many of Truman’s initiatives is portrayed by the worm labeled “Coalition.”ĭuring the 1940s and 1950s, executive action, rather than legislative Public” inspecting worm-ridden apples representing Truman’s Fair Deal policies such as civil rights and rent controls. tiles/non-collection/b/baic_cont_3_truman_cartoon_fair_deal_civil_rights_herblock_1949_LC-USZ62-127332.xml Image courtesy of the Library of Congress A Herblock cartoon from March 1949 depicts a glum-looking President Harry S.